Here, you'll find a collection of code samples for various applications and libraries. These snippets are designed to be a quick and easy way to add specific functionality to your code.
import itertools
flowers = ['orchid','tulip','rose','lily']
letters = ['A','B','C']
numbers = [1,2,3]
def FuncAdd(a,b):
return a+b
# Creates all the combinations of 3 members
for combination in itertools.combinations(flowers,3):
print(combination)
# prints :
# ('orchid', 'tulip', 'rose')
# ('orchid', 'tulip', 'lily')
# ...
# Creates all the combinations of 3 members and allows elements to be repeated
for combination in itertools.combinations_with_replacement(flowers,3):
print(combination)
# prints :
# ('orchid', 'orchid', 'lily')
# ('orchid', 'tulip', 'tulip') ...
# Creates all the permutations
for permutation in itertools.permutations(flowers):
print(permutation)
# prints :
# ('orchid', 'tulip', 'rose', 'lily')
# ('orchid', 'tulip', 'lily', 'rose')
# ...
# Creates the cartesian product
for prod in itertools.product(letters,numbers):
print(prod) # prints ('A', 1) ('A', 2) ('A', 3) ('B', 1) ...
# Repeats an object 3 times
for i in itertools.repeat('abc',3):
print(i)
# prints :
# abc
# abc
# ...
# Accumaltes results of a function
for i in itertools.accumulate(numbers,FuncAdd):
print(i)
# prints :
# 1
# 3
# 6
# Cumputes a function
numbers=[(1,2),(3,4),(5,6)]
for result in itertools.starmap(FuncAdd,numbers):
print(result)
# prints :
# 3
# 7
# 11
import sympy as sp
x = sp.symbols('x')
f = sp.cos(x)**2
f_prime = sp.diff(f, x)
print(f_prime)
# prints : -2*sin(x)*cos(x)
from googlesearch import search
results = search("python", num_results=10,lang="en",advanced=True)
for result in results:
print(result)
from translate import Translator
translator= Translator(from_lang="en",to_lang="de",provider=”mymemory)
translation = translator.translate("What time is it ?")
print(translation)
some pdg commands : c continue, s step, n next, q quit, l list...
import dbg
c = 3
print(globals())
breakpoint()
def function(a,b):
s = 0
for i in range(4):
s+= a * b + c * i
print(locals())
print(s)
function(2,3)import random
colors = ['Red', 'Orange', 'Yellow','Blue']
random.sample(colors,3) # takes 3 elements of colors sequence
random.choice(colors) # Choose a random element from colors sequence
weights = [0.7, 0.1,0.1,0.1]
random.choices(colors, weights, k=2) # Choose 2 random elements with the probabilities of weights list
random.shuffle(colors) # Shuffle the list of elements
random.randint(7,11) # Returns a random selected integer between 7 and 11
random.randrange(7,11) # Returns a random element from the range, upper bound exclusive
random.uniform(7,11) # Returns a random floating-point number between 7 and 11, inclusive
random.random() # returns a random floating-point number between 0 and 1.
random.float()
# creating a pandas dataframe time series :
dates = pd.date_range("1 1 2023", periods=365, freq="D")
values=np.random.rand(365,1)
df=pd.DataFrame(data=values,index=dates,columns=['values'])
# creating a pandas dataframe with headers
data = np.random.rand(5, 2)
df = pd.DataFrame(data, columns=['Column1', 'Column2'])
# creating a products pandas dataframe with categories and values
data = []
for i in range(n):
data.append({'Product':'product'+str(i),'Category':random.choice(['A','B','C','D']), 'Value':random.randint(0,1000)})
df = pd.DataFrame(data)
# creating numpy arrays of dimension 1,2 and 3 :
arr1D=np.random.randint(0, 10, size = (4,))
arr2D=np.random.randint(0, 10, size = (2,4))
arr3D=np.random.randint(0, 10, size = (2,2,3))
from faker import Faker
import pandas as pd
import random
fake = Faker()
def customers(n):
"""creating a pandas customer dataframe"""
customer_data = []
for i in range(n):
customer_data.append({
'Customer Number': fake.unique.random_int(min=10000, max=99999),
'Customer Name': fake.unique.company()
})
customers_df = pd.DataFrame(customer_data)
return customers_df
def products(n):
"""creating a pandas products dataframe"""
product_data = []
for i in range(n):
product_data.append({
'Product Number': fake.unique.numerify(text='%######'),
'Product Name': '_'.join(fake.words(nb=2))
})
products_df = pd.DataFrame(product_data)
return products_df
def sales(n,customer_data,product_data):
"""creating a pandas sales dataframe using results of the above functions """
sales_data = []
for i in range(n):
sales_data.append({
'Customer Number':random.choice(customer_data['Customer Number'].tolist()),
'Product Number':random.choice(product_data['Product Number'].tolist()),
'Sales':fake.pyfloat(right_digits=2, positive=True,min_value=500,max_value=500000)
})
sales_df = pd.DataFrame(sales_data)
return sales_df
# calling the above functions to create dataframes
customer_data = customers(20)
product_data = products(30)
sales_data = sales(5,customer_data,product_data)
num_rows = len(sales_data) # Number of rows in the existing dataframe
random_dates = [fake.date_between(start_date='-1y', end_date='today') for _ in range(num_rows)]
sales_data['Random Date'] = random_dates
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
x = np.linspace(-10,10,500)
ysine = np.cos(x)
ysquare = np.where(ysine>0,1,-1)
ysawtooth = x%2-1
ytriangle = x%2-1
ytriangle = np.where(ytriangle>0,ytriangle,-ytriangle)
fig,ax=plt.subplots(4,1,sharex=True)
ax[0].plot(x,ysquare)
ax[1].plot(x,ysawtooth)
ax[2].plot(x,ytriangle)
ax[3].plot(x,ysine)
plt.show()
# Each element is a tuple (i, j) , i and j represent the row and column index :
arr = np.empty((4,4),dtype=tuple)
for i in range(arr.shape[0]):
for j in range(arr.shape[1]):
arr[i, j] = (i, j)
# Each element is a tuple (i, j) , i and j represent the row and column index ( other option ):
m = np.random.randint(1,4,9).reshape(3,3)
new_arr = np.zeros_like(m,dtype=object)
for index,value in np.ndenumerate(m):
new_arr[index[0]][index[1]]=(index[0],index[1])
# Creating a design matrix by adding ones to an existing array:
arr = np.array([[2, 1], [3, 4]])
design_arr = np.hstack((np.ones((arr.shape[0], 1)), arr))
print (design_arr) # prints array([[1., 2., 1.],[1., 3., 4.]])
# 2D points
x = np.linspace(1,5,5)
y = np.linspace(1,5,5)
X,Y = np.meshgrid(x, y)
grid = np.stack((X.flatten(), Y.flatten()), axis=1)
print(grid.shape) # prints (25, 2)
# 3D points
x = np.linspace(1,5,5)
y = np.linspace(1,5,5)
z = np.linspace(1,5,5)
X,Y,Z=np.meshgrid(x, y,z)
grid = np.stack((X.flatten(), Y.flatten(), Z.flatten()), axis=1)
print(grid.shape) # prints (125,3)
# boolean indexing with numpy
a = np.array([-1,2,-2,3,4])
b = a>1
print(a[b]) # prints array([2, 3, 4])
# get every nth element
a = np.arange(0,11,1)
print(a) # prints [ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ]
print(a[::2]) # prints [ 0 2 4 6 8 10]
# get elements at odd and even indices :
even = a[::2]
odd = a[1::2]
# get the first n elements
a[:3]
# get the first n columns and first n lines of a 2D numpy array :
a[:n,:n]
# get the n last element(s)
a[-n]
# get all elements except the last one
a[:-1]
# remove the first n elements
a[:n] = []
# reverse elements
a[::-1]
# cloning a list
mylist = [1,3,7]
new_list = mylist[:]
# circular indexing
mylist=['a','b','c']
for i in range(5):
print(mylist[i % len(mylist)])
import time
time.time()
time.ctime(time.time()) # convert a timestamp into a human-readable string
time.sleep(2) # # Pause the execution for 2 seconds
# Measuring Execution Time
start_time = time.time()
for i in range(1, 100000):
pass
end_time = time.time()
execution_time = end_time - start_time
import datetime
# now
now = datetime.now()
print(now) # prints 2023-04-29 14:17:44.726348
print(now.day, now.month, now.year,
now.hour,now.minute,
now.microsecond) # prints 29 4 2023 14 17 726348
# datetime object -> string
from datetime import datetime as dt
t = dt.now()
t_str = t.strftime(""%a"") # Tue
t_str = t.strftime(""%A"") # Tuesday
t_str = t.strftime(""%w"") # 2
t_str = t.strftime(""%m"") # 11
t_str = t.strftime(""%b"") # Nov
t_str = t.strftime(""%B"") # November
t_str = t.strftime(""%y"") # 23
t_str = t.strftime(""%Y"") # 2023
t_str = t.strftime(""%d-%B-%Y"") # 28-November-2023
t_str = t.strftime(""%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"") # 2023-11-28 13:38:09
# string -> date object :
date_string = "2022-01-01 12:30:00"
date_object = datetime.strptime(date_string, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
# creating a date object using datetime constructor
my_datetime = datetime.datetime(2023, 4, 29, 12, 30, 0)
# adding days, hours, to a given datetime object
one_day_later = my_datetime + datetime.timedelta(days=2)
two_hours_earlier = my_datetime - datetime.timedelta(hours=5)
import calendar
# Generate a text-based calendar for a given month
year = 2023
month = 7
print(calendar.month(year,month))
# Generate a text-based calendar for a given year
year = 2023
print(calendar.calendar(year))
from datetime import datetime
now = datetime.now()
time = now.strftime("%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S")
filename = f"C:\\myFolder\\myFile{time}.txt"
# using a variable folder name :
now = datetime.now()
time = now.strftime("%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S")
FOLDER = r'C:\Users\myFolder\\' # note the trailing \\
file = FOLDER + f"myFile{time}.png"
# using a a function :
FOLDER = r'C:\Users\Me....myfolder\\'
def filename(folder:str = FOLDER)-> str:
now = datetime.now()
time = now.strftime("%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S")
file = FOLDER+f"myfile{time}.png"
return file
# or
import datetime
now = datetime.datetime.now()
...
import sys
print(sys.executable)# in command line :
cd C:\Users\Me\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Scripts # path depends on your configuration
pip --version # return pip version
pip install --upgrade pip # upgrade pip
import sys
'numpy' in sys.modules
# Strings to ...
s = 'hello'
a = list(s) # to list ['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']
b = set(s) # to set, removes duplicates {'h', 'l', 'e', 'o'}
c = tuple(s) # to tuple ('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')
s2 = 'h-e-l-l-o'
d = np.array(s2.split('-')) # to numpy array
# Lists to ...
mylist = [10,100,1000]
a = set(mylist) # to set, removes duplicates
b = tuple(mylist) # to tuple
c = str(mylist) # to string
d = np.array(mylist) # to numpy array
# Sets to ...
myset={3,4,5}
a = list(myset) # to list
b = tuple(myset) # to tuple
c = str(myset) # to string
d = np.array(myset) # to numpy array
# dictionaries to ...
my_dict = {'file1' : 1.1, 'file2' : 2, 'file3' :0.5}
my_list_keys = list(my_dict.keys()) # keys to list
my_list_values = list(my_dict.values()) # values to list
# numpy array to list:
arr = np.ndarray([1,2,3])
arr = arr.tolist()
# dataframe to numpy array ( doesn't include the headers) :
arr = df.values
This script takes 3 points, the coordinates of which are stored in arrays 'x' and 'y'. It then uses 'meshgrid' to create a grid of 3x3 points, and the generated coordinates by 'meshgrid' are arranged in the form of a sequence of arrays [x, y, z] for each point.
import numpy as np
x = np.array([1,2,3])
y = np.array([4,5,6])
X, Y = np.meshgrid(x,y)
sequence = np.vstack((X.flatten(),Y.flatten())).T
import numpy as np
# from radians to degrees
angle = 3.1416
np.rad2deg(angle)
# from degrees to radians
angle = 180
np.radians(angle)
From PIL import Image
import numpy as np
# from iamge to array
i = Image.open(f)
a = np.asarray(i)
# from array to image
arr = arr.astype(np.uint8)
i = Image.fromarray(arr)
from datetime import datetime
dt = datetime.now()
date_str1 = dt.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')
print(date_str1) # prints '2023-06-26'
date_str2 = dt.strftime('%d-%b-%Y')
print(date_str2) # prints '26-Jun-2023'
date_str3 = dt.strftime('%B %d, %Y')
print(date_str3) # prints 'June 26, 2023'
date_str4 = dt.strftime('%d %B %Y')
print(date_str3) # prints '26 June 2023'
myFile=r'C:/users/file.txt'
f = open(myFile,'r') # r = read
f = open(myFile,'w') # w = write , creates file if doesn't exist
f = open(myFile,'a') # a = append
f.close
f.read() # reads file and returns a string
f.readline() # reads a single line from the file, returns a string
f.readlines() # reads file and returns a list of strings, 1 string per line
f.readlines() [n] # read the n+1th line
f.readlines()[:10] # Extract the first 10 lines
# create a file and write 3 lines
with open('C:/Users/example.txt', 'w') as file:
file.write('line1\n')
file.write('line2\n')
file.write('line3\n')
myFolder=r'C:/users/'
# list of all files and directories in the specified folder :
os.listdir(myFolder)
# returns True if the specified path exists :
os.path.exists(myFolder)
# returns a tuple containing the head and tail parts of the specified path :
os.path.split(myFolder)
# creates a new directory with the specified name
os.makedirs(fo+'\\newFolder')
# creates a new directory and any necessary parent directories :
os.makedirs(myFolder++'\\newFolder1\\newFolder2')
# renames a file or directory from old to new :
os.rename('old', 'new')
# returns the current working directory as a string :
os.getcwd()
# changes the current working directory to the specified path
os.cwd('newpath')
# returns the name of the operating system
os.name
import os
def rename(folder:str, extension:str, name:str='myfile'):
files = [os.path.join(folder, file) for file in os.listdir(folder) if file.endswith(extension) ]
for index,file in enumerate(files):
new_name = os.path.join(folder,name+str(index).zfill(4) + extension)
os.rename(file,new_name)
folder = r'C:\Users\....\\'
extension ='.png'
name ='myfile'
rename(folder = folder , extension = extension, name = name)
# This script zips PNG files from a specific folder, and creates a zip archive in the provided destination directory.
import os
import zipfile
# Folder containing files to be added to the zip
folder_path = r'C:\Users\...\folder1'
# Name of the zip file
zip_file_name = "my_files.zip"
# Destination directory for creating the zip file
zip_path = r'C:\Users\..\folder2'
with zipfile.ZipFile(os.path.join(zip_path, zip_file_name), "w") as zip_file:
for file_name in os.listdir(folder_path):
if file_name.endswith(".png"):
# Combine the folder path and file name to create the full file path
file_path = os.path.join(folder_path, file_name)
# arcname specifies the name under which the file will be added to the zip archive
zip_file.write(file_path, arcname=file_name)
# loop over multiple iterables simultaneously :
days = ['Mon','Tue','Wed']
fruits = ['Apple', 'Orange', 'Banana']
colors = ['Blue', 'Yellow', 'Green']
for day, fruit,color in zip(days, fruits, colors):
print(day, fruit, color)
# prints :
# Mon Apple Blue
# Tue Orange Yellow
# Wed Banana Green
# loop over multiple iterables of different lengths
from itertools import zip_longest
days = ['Mon', 'Tue', 'Wed']
fruits = ['Apple', 'Orange']
for day, fruit in zip_longest(days, fruits, fillvalue='N/A'):
print(day, fruit)
# prints :
# Mon Apple
# Tue Orange
# Wed N/A
# loop with enumerate :
fruits = ['Apple', 'Orange', 'Banana']
for index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):
print(index,fruit)
# prints :
# 0 Apple
# 1 Orange
# 2 Banana
# loop in reverse :
days = ['Mon', 'Tue', 'Wed']
for day in reversed(days):
print(day)
# recursive function :
def fibonacci(p):
if p in (0,1):
return 1
else:
return fibonacci(p-1) + fibonacci(p-2)
# exemple 1 : fibonacci with timer
def timer(func):
import time
def wrapper(n):
start_time = time.time()
result = func(n)
end_time = time.time()
print(f"Elapsed time: {end_time - start_time} seconds")
return result
return wrapper
@timer
def fibonacci(p):
if p in (0,1):
return 1
else:
return fibonacci(p-1) + fibonacci(p-2)
print(fibonacci(15))
# example 2 : plot values generated by a function
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
def plot(func):
fig,ax = plt.subplots()
def wrapper(n):
fig.suptitle(str(n)+' values',color='blue')
x,y = func(n)
plt.plot(x,y,color='red')
plt.show()
return wrapper
@plot
def values(n):
x = np.linspace(-1,1,n)
y = np.cos(x)
return x,y
values(10)
# write some text in the center of a new image
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont
FOLDER = r'C:\myfolder'
year = 2023
c = calendar.calendar(year)
image_width = 900
image_height = 1200
image = Image.new("RGB", (image_width, image_height))
text = "Hello World!"
text_color = (255, 255, 255) # RGB color value for the text (white in this example)
font_size = 40
font = ImageFont.truetype("arial.ttf", font_size) # Specify the font and its size
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(image)
text_width, text_height = draw.textsize(text, font=font)
text_position = ((image_width - text_width) // 2, (image_height - text_height) // 2)
draw.text(text_position, text, font=font, fill=text_color)
filename = r'C:\Users\Me\'image.png'
image.save(filename)
myList = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
# assigns some values and ignore the rest :
a,b,*_ = myList
# assigns some values and collects remaining elements, packs into a list :
a, b, *c = myList
print(c) # prints [3, 4, 5]
# 1 list of 2-tuples (x,y) -> 1 tuple of x and 1 tuple of y
coordinates=[(1,2),(3,4),(5,6)]
x,y = zip(*coordinates)
print(x) # prints (1, 3, 5)
print(y) # prints (2, 4, 6)
# 1 tuple of x and 1 tuple of y -> 1 list of 2-tuples (x,y)
x = (1, 3, 5)
y = (2, 4, 6)
coordinates = list(zip(x, y))
print(coordinates) # prints [(1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6)]
def swapstr(strng, index1, index2):
list_strng = list(strng)
element1, element2 = list_strng[index1], list_strng[index2]
list_strng[index1], list_strng[index2] = element2, element1
new_strng = ''.join(list_strng)
return new_strng
def move_str_element(strng, index_from, index_to):
list_strng=list(strng)
element = list_strng[index_from]
if index_from - index_to > 0 :
shift_remove, shift_insert = 1,0
else :
shift_remove, shift_insert = 0, 1
list_strng.insert(index_to + shift_insert , element)
list_strng.pop(index_from + shift_remove)
new_strng = ''.join(list_strng)
return new_strng